What is the Origin of Respiratory Physiology?

This is a classical term in human physiology, combining 'respiratory,' from the Latin respirare, meaning 'to breathe,' with 'physiology,' the study of the function of living systems. It is a foundational science in medicine, with recent advancements focusing on the link between breathing patterns and neuroendocrine control.

What is the Mechanism of Respiratory Physiology?

The primary mechanism involves the diaphragm and intercostal muscles creating pressure gradients that drive air in and out of the lungs, facilitating gas diffusion across the alveolar-capillary membrane. The control of this process is governed by chemoreceptors sensitive to blood pH and carbon dioxide levels, which signal to the brainstem. Crucially, slow, diaphragmatic breathing activates the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system via the vagus nerve, which helps to down-regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, thereby reducing the chronic secretion of stress hormones like cortisol.

Respiratory Physiology ∞ Area

Respiratory Physiology

Meaning

Respiratory physiology is the study of the mechanical, neural, and biochemical processes involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the body’s tissues. This discipline encompasses lung mechanics, gas transport in the blood, and the central and peripheral control of breathing rate and depth. Beyond its role in gas exchange, optimal respiratory function profoundly influences autonomic nervous system balance, which is a key regulator of hormonal health. Controlled breathing patterns are a powerful tool for modulating the body’s stress response.