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Receptor Upregulation Downregulation

Meaning

Receptor Upregulation Downregulation describes the dynamic, bidirectional control mechanisms that target cells employ to precisely adjust their sensitivity to circulating hormones by altering the total number of specific receptors present on their surface or within their interior. Upregulation increases receptor density to enhance sensitivity, typically in response to low hormone levels, while downregulation decreases receptor density to blunt excessive or prolonged signaling. This physiological adaptation is essential for maintaining signal transduction homeostasis and preventing cellular overstimulation or desensitization.