The complex, time-dependent cellular process by which hormone receptors located on the cell surface are actively moved into the cell’s interior via endocytosis following prolonged or intense ligand binding. This process is a crucial homeostatic mechanism for regulating the sensitivity of a target cell to circulating hormones, preventing over-stimulation, and allowing for receptor recycling or degradation. Understanding these dynamics is essential for optimizing the dosing and timing of hormonal therapies. This phenomenon explains why continuous high-dose exposure can lead to cellular desensitization.
Origin
This term is rooted in molecular and cellular endocrinology, where receptor internalization is the biological phenomenon and dynamics refers to the rate and regulatory factors governing this process. It explains the molecular basis of phenomena like desensitization and tolerance to chronic hormonal exposure. The study of these dynamics is key to maximizing therapeutic efficacy.
Mechanism
Upon hormone binding, the receptor-ligand complex is often tagged with ubiquitin and clustered into clathrin-coated pits on the cell membrane. These pits then bud off to form endosomes, carrying the receptors inside. Within the endosome, the receptor can either be trafficked back to the cell surface (recycling) to restore sensitivity or directed to the lysosome for degradation, thereby permanently reducing the cell’s responsiveness to that specific hormonal signal.
We use cookies to personalize content and marketing, and to analyze our traffic. This helps us maintain the quality of our free resources. manage your preferences below.
Detailed Cookie Preferences
This helps support our free resources through personalized marketing efforts and promotions.
Analytics cookies help us understand how visitors interact with our website, improving user experience and website performance.
Personalization cookies enable us to customize the content and features of our site based on your interactions, offering a more tailored experience.