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Receptor Internalization

Meaning

Receptor internalization is a fundamental cellular process where cell-surface receptors, following binding by their specific ligand—such as a hormone or growth factor—are engulfed by the cell membrane and moved into the cytoplasm. This process, also known as endocytosis, is a primary mechanism for terminating the signal initiated by the ligand-receptor complex. Clinically, it is a key factor in understanding cellular desensitization, where prolonged exposure to a high concentration of a hormone leads to a reduced cellular response over time. This dynamic regulation maintains cellular responsiveness and prevents overstimulation.