Question 1

What is the Meaning of PTP1B?

Accepted Answer

PTP1B, or Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B, is an intracellular enzyme that functions as a negative regulator of insulin and leptin signaling pathways by removing phosphate groups from activated receptor tyrosine kinases. This phosphatase plays a critical role in metabolic homeostasis, and its overactivity is strongly implicated in the development of insulin resistance, a core feature of Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Clinically, PTP1B is a significant therapeutic target in endocrinology for enhancing cellular sensitivity to key metabolic hormones.

Question 2

What is the Origin of PTP1B?

Accepted Answer

PTP1B was discovered and characterized as a specific enzyme in the field of cellular signal transduction, but its critical role in metabolic disease was elucidated through molecular endocrinology research demonstrating its inhibitory action on the insulin receptor. The enzyme's name reflects its chemical function—removing phosphate groups from tyrosine residues on proteins. It represents a molecular checkpoint in the hormonal signaling cascade.

Question 3

What is the Mechanism of PTP1B?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme acts by dephosphorylating the activated insulin receptor and the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) associated with the leptin receptor, essentially terminating the downstream signaling cascade. When PTP1B is overexpressed or hyperactive, it prematurely shuts down these signals, forcing the pancreas to secrete higher levels of insulin to achieve the same metabolic effect. Inhibition of PTP1B activity can therefore enhance the duration and magnitude of insulin and leptin signaling, promoting glucose uptake and improving satiety regulation.

PTP1B

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

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