Protein Synthesis is the fundamental anabolic process by which cells construct new proteins, enzymes, and structural components based on the genetic blueprint encoded in DNA. This process is absolutely necessary for tissue repair, adaptation to training stimuli, and the creation of functional signaling molecules. It is a key determinant of body composition.
Origin
The term is a direct description of the biological creation (‘synthesis’) of protein structures. This mechanism is conserved across all living organisms.
Mechanism
The process involves two main stages: transcription of DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus, followed by translation of the mRNA code into polypeptide chains by ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This synthesis rate is highly sensitive to anabolic hormones like Growth Hormone and testosterone.
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