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Protein Synthesis

Meaning

Protein synthesis is the fundamental biological process by which cells construct new proteins, the essential macromolecules responsible for structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs. This intricate process involves two main stages: transcription, where a gene’s DNA sequence is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA), and translation, where ribosomes use the mRNA template to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain. It is the core mechanism underlying tissue repair, muscle growth, enzyme production, and the creation of new hormones and receptors. Optimal hormonal signaling, particularly by anabolic hormones, is a major driver of this process.