A rigorous measure of a dietary protein’s nutritional value, which is primarily determined by its complete essential amino acid content and its overall biological digestibility. High protein quality signifies a source that provides all essential amino acids in proportions that closely match human physiological requirements for synthesis.
Origin
This term combines ‘protein,’ from the Greek proteios (primary, first place), emphasizing its fundamental biological role, and ‘quality,’ referring to its inherent standard or excellence relative to human needs. It is a central, long-standing concept in nutritional science and the basis for global dietary recommendations.
Mechanism
The body relies on a balanced and sufficient intake of all nine essential amino acids, which cannot be synthesized endogenously, to efficiently drive protein synthesis for muscle repair, enzyme production, and critical hormone creation. A high-quality protein, often measured by metrics like the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS), ensures minimal amino acid catabolism for energy and maximum efficiency for anabolic processes. This metabolic efficiency is critical for maintaining lean body mass and supporting metabolic health across the lifespan.
Dietary proteins supply amino acids, the building blocks essential for synthesizing vital peptide hormones that regulate metabolic and endocrine functions.
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