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Protein Carbonylation

Meaning

Protein Carbonylation is a form of irreversible oxidative modification of proteins where carbonyl groups are introduced onto amino acid side chains, primarily lysine, arginine, proline, and threonine, leading to a loss of protein function. This process is a significant and measurable marker of oxidative stress and is strongly implicated in cellular aging and the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, including neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disorders. Increased carbonylation reflects a failure in the cell’s antioxidant and protein repair mechanisms.