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Proliferative Retinopathy

Meaning

Proliferative retinopathy is an advanced, severe stage of diabetic eye disease characterized by the pathological growth of new, fragile blood vessels—a process called neovascularization—on the surface of the retina, often extending into the vitreous humor. This condition arises from prolonged, poorly controlled hyperglycemia that causes chronic retinal ischemia, triggering the release of vascular growth factors, such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). These abnormal vessels are highly prone to leakage and rupture, leading to severe vision loss, vitreous hemorrhage, and tractional retinal detachment, making it a critical consideration in managing patients with diabetes and related hormonal imbalances.