What is the Origin of Prolactin Secretion?

The term is a standard clinical and endocrinological description, combining "pro," meaning promoting, and "lactin," referring to milk production. Its primary control mechanism was elucidated through the study of the hypothalamic-pituitary feedback loops. Dysregulation of this secretion is a common finding in various endocrine disorders, including pituitary adenomas.

What is the Mechanism of Prolactin Secretion?

Prolactin secretion is predominantly under tonic inhibitory control by dopamine, which is released from the hypothalamus and acts on D2 receptors on the lactotrophs. The release is stimulated by factors like suckling, stress, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). High levels of prolactin can suppress the pulsatile release of GnRH, leading to hypogonadism and associated hormonal imbalances.

Prolactin Secretion ∞ Area

Prolactin Secretion

Meaning

The pulsatile release of the polypeptide hormone prolactin, primarily from the lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland, into the systemic circulation. This neuroendocrine process is primarily known for its essential role in lactation and mammary gland development, but it also exerts significant influence on reproductive function, metabolism, and immune regulation in both sexes. It is a critical component of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.