What is the Origin of Prolactin Regulation?

The term is foundational in neuroendocrinology, describing a unique regulatory loop where the default state of the pituitary is secretion, which is actively suppressed by the hypothalamic release of dopamine, also known as Prolactin-Inhibiting Hormone (PIH).

What is the Mechanism of Prolactin Regulation?

Dopamine, released from the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, acts on D2 receptors on lactotroph cells in the anterior pituitary, inhibiting prolactin synthesis and release. Conversely, Prolactin-Releasing Factors (PRFs), such as Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), can stimulate secretion. Estrogen and high levels of stress (via cortisol) can also directly stimulate lactotrophs, overriding the inhibitory dopaminergic tone and illustrating the complex interplay between the endocrine and nervous systems.

Prolactin Regulation ∞ Area

Prolactin Regulation

Meaning

The neuroendocrine process by which the secretion of the peptide hormone prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland is controlled, primarily through inhibitory signaling from the hypothalamus via dopamine. This regulation is crucial, as prolactin’s primary physiological roles extend beyond lactation to include immune modulation, reproductive suppression, and behavioral effects. Clinical management focuses on maintaining prolactin levels within a physiological range to prevent conditions like hypogonadism and hyperprolactinemia, which can disrupt hormonal health.