What is the Origin of Prolactin Monitoring?

The term is derived from the hormone's primary function, pro-lactation, and its clinical utility as a measurable biomarker. Prolactin monitoring gained importance with the discovery of prolactinomas, which are benign pituitary tumors that hypersecrete the hormone, and its recognition as a stress hormone that can inhibit the HPG axis.

What is the Mechanism of Prolactin Monitoring?

Prolactin is primarily regulated by tonic inhibition from the hypothalamus via dopamine, which acts as a Prolactin Inhibiting Factor (PIF). Elevated prolactin levels, known as hyperprolactinemia, often suppress the pulsatile release of GnRH from the hypothalamus. This inhibitory mechanism disrupts the normal secretion of LH and FSH, leading to hypogonadism, menstrual irregularities, and reduced fertility in both sexes.

Prolactin Monitoring ∞ Area

Prolactin Monitoring

Meaning

Prolactin monitoring is the clinical practice of regularly measuring the circulating concentration of the pituitary hormone prolactin, primarily to screen for pituitary tumors, assess fertility issues, or evaluate the impact of certain medications. While prolactin is most famously associated with lactation, its chronic elevation outside of pregnancy can signal significant endocrine disruption. Accurate monitoring is essential for differential diagnosis in reproductive and stress-related health.