What is the Origin of Prolactin Endocrine Regulation?

The term is derived from the core principles of neuroendocrinology, focusing on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary axis. Prolactin's distinct regulation by dopamine, rather than a releasing hormone, has been a key area of study since its discovery in the mid-20th century. The term "endocrine regulation" emphasizes the hormonal control of this critical pathway.

What is the Mechanism of Prolactin Endocrine Regulation?

Dopamine, acting as Prolactin-Inhibiting Hormone (PIH), is continuously released from the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary, where it binds to receptors on lactotroph cells to suppress prolactin release. Conversely, Prolactin-Releasing Factors (PRFs), such as Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) and vasoactive intestinal peptide, stimulate secretion. Disruption of the dopamine pathway, often by medications or pituitary adenomas, leads to a loss of inhibition and subsequent hyperprolactinemia.

Prolactin Endocrine Regulation ∞ Area

Prolactin Endocrine Regulation

Meaning

Prolactin Endocrine Regulation describes the neuroendocrine mechanisms governing the synthesis and secretion of the pituitary hormone prolactin, a peptide hormone with numerous reproductive, metabolic, and immune functions. This regulatory system is unique in that it is predominantly under tonic inhibitory control by dopamine from the hypothalamus. Dysregulation of this axis, often resulting in hyperprolactinemia, can profoundly affect fertility, libido, and general well-being.