Progesterone therapy involves the clinical administration of progesterone, typically bioidentical progesterone, to address a deficiency or to counteract the proliferative effects of estrogen on the uterine lining in women receiving estrogen replacement. This therapy is essential for managing symptoms associated with hormonal decline, promoting sleep, and supporting bone and brain health. It is a cornerstone of comprehensive hormone replacement strategies.
Origin
Progesterone, derived from the Latin pro (for) and gestare (to bear), was isolated and synthesized in the 1930s, establishing its critical role in reproduction. The clinical use of progesterone therapy became widespread with the recognition that estrogen replacement in women with an intact uterus required counterbalancing to prevent endometrial hyperplasia. Modern practice emphasizes the use of bioidentical forms for optimal safety and efficacy.
Mechanism
Progesterone exerts its primary effects by binding to the progesterone receptor (PR), which acts as a transcription factor to modulate gene expression. In the uterus, it induces secretory changes and limits endometrial growth. Systemically, it acts as a neurosteroid in the brain, influencing GABA receptors to promote calming and sleep. Furthermore, it plays a role in bone metabolism by stimulating osteoblast activity, thereby supporting skeletal integrity.
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