What is the Origin of Prenatal Androgens?

This term is rooted in developmental endocrinology and embryology, describing the hormonal environment that dictates sexual dimorphism. The primary source of these androgens in the male fetus is the Leydig cells of the testes, stimulated by placental human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and fetal luteinizing hormone (LH).

What is the Mechanism of Prenatal Androgens?

The mechanism of action involves testosterone circulating in the fetal bloodstream, acting directly on target tissues or being converted locally to the more potent dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the enzyme 5-alpha reductase. DHT is critical for the development of external male structures, while testosterone itself stabilizes the Wolffian ducts. These androgens also cross the blood-brain barrier to organize sexually dimorphic neural circuits, impacting future hormonal and behavioral responses.

Prenatal Androgens

Meaning

Prenatal Androgens refer to the group of male sex hormones, primarily testosterone and its metabolites, produced by the fetal testes and the placenta during critical periods of gestation. These hormones are essential for the biological sexual differentiation of the fetus, driving the development of the male internal and external genitalia and influencing the organization of the central nervous system. The level and timing of exposure to these androgens are crucial determinants of reproductive and behavioral outcomes.