The Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) is the anterior-most region of the frontal lobe in the brain, serving as the principal substrate for executive functions, including working memory, decision-making, planning, and complex social behavior regulation. It is the center for integrating higher-order cognitive processes. Its function is highly sensitive to systemic metabolic and hormonal states.
Origin
This term originates from neuroanatomy, specifically describing the cortical area anterior to the motor and premotor cortices. Its functional significance was mapped through lesion studies and later confirmed by advanced neuroimaging techniques demonstrating its role in goal-directed behavior.
Mechanism
The PFC relies heavily on sustained glucose metabolism and optimal dopaminergic tone for its high-energy demands. Hormones, particularly glucocorticoids from the HPA axis, exert powerful modulatory effects on PFC plasticity and neurotransmitter receptor density. Efficient signaling within the PFC depends on adequate cerebral perfusion and the minimization of neuroinflammation, both of which are sensitive to metabolic dysregulation.
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