The complex communication pathways involving neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors that govern the function of the prefrontal cortex, the brain region responsible for executive control, working memory, and complex decision-making. This signaling is highly sensitive to the systemic hormonal milieu, particularly cortisol and sex steroids. Optimal signaling underpins high-level cognitive function.
Origin
This concept arises from advanced neuroimaging and neurochemistry studies mapping the functional anatomy of the brain’s control center. It specifically highlights the influence of systemic physiology on cortical operations.
Mechanism
The mechanism involves the release and reception of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine at cortical synapses, modulated by the presence of steroid hormones acting as neuromodulators. For instance, healthy testosterone levels can support dopaminergic signaling pathways critical for focus and motivation within this region. Disruptions in the HPA axis directly alter the neurochemical environment, thereby degrading the fidelity of prefrontal cortex signaling.
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