Prefrontal Cortex Function refers to the executive cognitive domain governed by the anterior frontal lobe, encompassing complex processes such as working memory, inhibitory control, planning, and goal-directed behavior. Although a neurocognitive construct, this function is highly sensitive to modulation by systemic hormones, including glucocorticoids and sex steroids, which influence synaptic plasticity. Stable endocrine status is required for optimal PFC performance.
Origin
This term originates in neuroscience, defining the specialized higher-order processing capabilities localized to the prefrontal areas of the cerebral cortex. Its inclusion in hormonal health discussions arises from recognizing that neurosteroids readily cross the blood-brain barrier to impact neuronal signaling. It describes the higher-level cognitive output derived from this region.
Mechanism
Hormones influence PFC function by binding to intracellular receptors within neurons and glia, subsequently altering gene expression related to synaptic structure and neurotransmitter receptor populations. Sustained elevation of cortisol, for example, can induce atrophy of dendritic spines in PFC neurons, impairing working memory capacity. Balanced sex hormone levels, conversely, support the necessary synaptic plasticity for complex decision-making.
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