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Postmenopause

Meaning

Postmenopause is the phase of a woman’s life that commences one full year after her final menstrual period, marking the permanent cessation of ovarian function and reproductive capacity. Clinically, this phase is characterized by chronically low levels of circulating estrogen and progesterone, reflecting the end of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. The shift in hormonal milieu has significant long-term implications for bone density, cardiovascular health, and genitourinary tissue integrity.