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Postmenopause Symptoms

Meaning

Postmenopause symptoms refer to the persistent or emerging constellation of physiological and psychological manifestations that occur following the permanent cessation of menstrual periods, defined as twelve consecutive months of amenorrhea. These symptoms are primarily driven by the sustained, low levels of ovarian-derived estrogen and progesterone, leading to significant changes in bone density, cardiovascular risk profile, urogenital health, and cognitive function. Common clinical presentations include vasomotor symptoms, vulvovaginal atrophy, sleep disturbances, and an accelerated rate of bone loss. Effective management requires a comprehensive strategy to address the systemic effects of hormone deficiency.