What is the Origin of Postmenopause Hormone Therapy?

PMHT evolved from early hormone replacement strategies, with the term "postmenopause" precisely defining the time point when ovarian function has ceased for at least twelve consecutive months. The therapy's structure and safety profile have been refined significantly based on large-scale clinical trials analyzing long-term systemic effects. It represents an intervention aimed at restoring hormonal support absent after natural senescence.

What is the Mechanism of Postmenopause Hormone Therapy?

Exogenous estrogen binds to estrogen receptors (ER $alpha$ and ER $beta$) in target tissues, activating genomic transcription to restore the physiological balance disrupted by ovarian failure. Progestogen is added primarily to protect the endometrium from unopposed estrogen stimulation, preventing hyperplasia. The overall mechanism aims to mitigate the negative effects of estrogen deficiency on bone mineral density and lipid profiles by restoring critical nuclear signaling pathways.

Postmenopause Hormone Therapy ∞ Area

Postmenopause Hormone Therapy

Meaning

Postmenopause Hormone Therapy (PMHT) involves the administration of exogenous estrogen, often combined with progestogen, to alleviate vasomotor symptoms and manage the long-term physiological consequences of ovarian hormone withdrawal following menopause. This therapy directly addresses the sharp decline in circulating estradiol, which impacts bone density, cardiovascular health, and genitourinary tissues. Clinical application requires a careful assessment of risks versus benefits specific to the individual patient’s endocrine profile.