A clinical condition characterized by the pathological decrease in the production or action of a specific hormone that occurs after the completion of pubertal development, typically in adulthood. This deficiency is not due to a congenital defect but results from age-related decline, chronic illness, or lifestyle factors, such as late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) in men or adrenopause. It manifests as a collection of non-specific symptoms that impair vitality and quality of life.
Origin
This concept is rooted in the clinical recognition of the age-related decline in various endocrine axes, a phenomenon distinct from primary childhood or pubertal failure. The term evolved as physicians began to systematically document and treat conditions like LOH and growth hormone deficiency in aging adults. It formalizes the shift in hormonal health from treating overt disease to addressing subclinical functional deficits associated with maturity.
Mechanism
The mechanism is often traced to a failure at one or more levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-target gland axis. This can involve decreased pulsatile release of hypothalamic releasing hormones, reduced sensitivity of the pituitary gland to these signals, or primary secretory failure of the peripheral gland itself. The resulting low hormone concentration leads to inadequate receptor activation in target tissues, causing symptoms like reduced bone density, decreased muscle mass, and chronic fatigue.
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