What is the Origin of POMC Neuron?

The identification of the POMC gene and the subsequent characterization of the POMC neuron originated in neuroendocrinology research in the late 20th century, particularly with the discovery of the various biologically active peptides cleaved from the POMC precursor. The understanding of its pivotal role in feeding behavior and obesity solidified with the discovery of the hormone leptin and its powerful effect on POMC neuron activation in the hypothalamus.

What is the Mechanism of POMC Neuron?

The core mechanism involves the post-translational cleavage of the POMC precursor protein into several potent neuropeptides, most notably alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (α-MSH). Upon activation by positive energy balance signals like leptin, the POMC neuron releases α-MSH, which then acts as a neurotransmitter by binding to and activating the Melanocortin 4 Receptor (MC4R) on downstream neurons. This signaling cascade inhibits food intake and increases energy expenditure, thereby promoting satiety and contributing to the maintenance of stable body weight.

POMC Neuron ∞ Area

POMC Neuron

Meaning

A POMC Neuron is a specialized type of neuroendocrine cell primarily located in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, responsible for synthesizing the precursor polypeptide Pro-opiomelanocortin. These neurons are crucial components of the central melanocortin system, functioning as key anorexigenic, or appetite-suppressing, regulators of energy balance, satiety, and systemic metabolism. They serve as a critical integration point for peripheral hormonal signals related to energy status, such as leptin and insulin.

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