A dietary pattern characterized by a high intake of plant-derived compounds known as polyphenols, which are secondary metabolites with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Foods central to this diet include colorful fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and beverages like tea and coffee. The consumption of these compounds is strongly associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease and improved metabolic health.
Origin
The concept stems from nutritional epidemiology and biochemistry, initially emerging from studies observing the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet, which is naturally rich in these compounds. The term is descriptive of the chemical class of molecules being prioritized for their biological activity. Research into the “French Paradox” further highlighted the protective role of specific polyphenols like resveratrol.
Mechanism
Polyphenols exert their beneficial effects through multiple molecular mechanisms beyond simple antioxidant activity. They can modulate gene expression, influence the activity of signaling enzymes, and interact with the gut microbiome, leading to the production of beneficial postbiotic metabolites. Crucially, they can reduce chronic systemic inflammation and improve endothelial function, which collectively supports cardiovascular and hormonal health.
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