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Physiological Signaling Molecules

Meaning

Physiological Signaling Molecules are the diverse array of chemical messengers, including hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines, and growth factors, that transmit information between cells, tissues, and organs to coordinate systemic function. These molecules are essential for regulating virtually every aspect of human physiology, from metabolism and mood to reproduction and immune response. Their precise synthesis, secretion, transport, and reception are critical for maintaining the dynamic equilibrium known as homeostasis. Disruptions in these signaling pathways are often the root cause of endocrine and metabolic diseases.