Physiological Regulation is the fundamental biological process by which all living systems maintain internal stability, known as homeostasis, despite constant internal and external disturbances. This continuous, active process involves coordinated adjustments and feedback loops across all organ systems to keep essential variables, such as body temperature, blood glucose concentration, and circulating hormone levels, within a narrow, healthy range. Effective regulation is a defining characteristic of health and adaptive capacity.
Origin
The term is central to the field of physiology, which is dedicated to the study of normal body function. The concept of a stable internal environment, or homeostasis, was formalized in the 19th and 20th centuries as a core principle of life science. ‘Regulation’ refers to the active, control-system mechanisms employed to maintain this steady, yet dynamic, state.
Mechanism
Regulation operates primarily through negative feedback loops, where a change in a regulated variable triggers a response that opposes the initial change, thereby returning the variable to its set point. This process involves sensors that detect the change, an integration center that processes the information, and effectors that execute the corrective action. Endocrine axes, such as the HPA and HPT, are master regulatory systems that utilize this mechanism to govern numerous systemic functions.
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