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Phase II Detoxification

Meaning

Phase II Detoxification is the second, crucial stage of the liver’s biotransformation process, a critical metabolic pathway where intermediate, often highly reactive, compounds are neutralized and prepared for final excretion from the body. This stage primarily involves various conjugation reactions, such as glucuronidation, sulfation, and methylation, which attach highly polar, water-soluble chemical groups to the toxic metabolites. This process is absolutely essential for the efficient clearance of endogenous substances like spent, inactive hormones and a wide array of exogenous environmental toxins. Impairment of these Phase II pathways can lead to the pathological recirculation of hormones, significantly contributing to systemic hormonal imbalances and potential toxicity.