Pharmacokinetics, often abbreviated as PK, is the quantitative study of the movement of drugs within the body, encompassing the four critical processes of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME). This scientific discipline is essential for determining the appropriate dosage, route of administration, and dosing interval for any therapeutic compound, including hormonal agents. Understanding a drug’s PK profile ensures its concentration at the target site is both safe and therapeutically effective.
Origin
The term was coined in the mid-20th century, combining the Greek root pharmakon (drug, poison) and kinetikos (putting in motion, movement), accurately describing the study of drug motion. This field represents a core component of pharmacology and clinical toxicology.
Mechanism
Absorption describes how the drug enters the systemic circulation, often influenced by the route of administration. Distribution details where the drug travels in the body, which is affected by protein binding and tissue permeability. Metabolism, primarily in the liver, chemically modifies the drug, often preparing it for Excretion, which is the final removal of the drug and its metabolites from the body, typically via the kidneys or bile.
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