What is the Origin of Pharmacogenetics in Treatment Response?

Pharmacogenetics began with observations of inherited differences in drug metabolism in the 1950s, but it was revitalized and expanded into pharmacogenomics with the completion of the Human Genome Project. The term reflects the integration of genetic science into the core practice of clinical pharmacology.

What is the Mechanism of Pharmacogenetics in Treatment Response?

The mechanism operates by analyzing an individual's genotype to predict the function of key proteins involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). For example, a polymorphism leading to a slow-metabolizing enzyme predicts higher circulating drug levels and necessitates a lower dose to achieve the desired therapeutic concentration. This genetic insight mechanistically refines the dose-response curve for each patient, improving safety and efficacy.

Pharmacogenetics in Treatment Response ∞ Area

Pharmacogenetics in Treatment Response

Meaning

The study of how an individual’s genetic makeup, specifically variations in DNA sequence, influences their response to pharmacological agents, including therapeutic hormones and peptides. This field identifies specific gene polymorphisms, such as those in drug-metabolizing enzymes (e.g., Cytochrome P450) or hormone receptors, that predict efficacy or the likelihood of adverse drug reactions. Applying pharmacogenetics allows for personalized drug selection and dosage optimization, moving toward a more precise, genotype-guided therapeutic strategy.