The study of the biochemical and physiological effects of hormones on the body and their mechanisms of action at the cellular and molecular level. This discipline investigates how hormones bind to their specific receptors, initiate signal transduction cascades, and ultimately alter gene expression and cellular function. Understanding pharmacodynamics is essential for predicting the clinical efficacy and safety profile of exogenous hormone therapies.
Origin
The term is a combination of “pharmaco,” relating to drugs or substances, and “dynamics,” relating to force or activity, rooted in the foundational science of pharmacology. The specific application to “Hormones” acknowledges that these endogenous signaling molecules also follow the principles of drug action upon introduction or manipulation. This field is a core discipline within endocrinology and clinical pharmacology.
Mechanism
The mechanism involves the hormone, acting as a ligand, binding to a high-affinity intracellular or cell-surface receptor, forming a hormone-receptor complex. This complex then translocates to the nucleus or initiates an intracellular signaling cascade, directly or indirectly modulating the transcription of specific target genes. The final effect is a change in the synthesis of regulatory proteins, leading to a measurable physiological response in the target tissue.
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