Question 1

What is the Meaning of Peripheral Sensitization?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral sensitization is a neurophysiological process characterized by an increased responsiveness of peripheral sensory neurons to noxious or non-noxious stimuli, leading to heightened pain perception, or hyperalgesia, at the site of injury or inflammation. This phenomenon is a key component of inflammatory pain and is mediated by the release of numerous signaling molecules, or inflammatory mediators, from damaged cells and local immune cells. Understanding peripheral sensitization is crucial for developing effective pain management strategies that target the primary afferent neurons. This increased sensitivity serves an initial protective function, forcing immobilization of the injured area.

Question 2

What is the Origin of Peripheral Sensitization?

Accepted Answer

The term is derived from neurobiology and pain physiology, combining peripheral, referring to the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord, with sensitization, meaning the process of making something sensitive or susceptible. The concept is fundamental to understanding the transition from acute to chronic pain states. It is often studied in the context of tissue damage and the resulting inflammatory cascade.

Question 3

What is the Mechanism of Peripheral Sensitization?

Accepted Answer

The mechanism is initiated by the local release of pro-inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandins, bradykinin, serotonin, and nerve growth factor (NGF), from mast cells, macrophages, and damaged non-neuronal cells. These mediators bind to specific receptors on the peripheral terminals of primary afferent nociceptors, causing a cascade of intracellular events. This cascade typically involves the activation of protein kinases, which phosphorylate and modify ion channels, such as voltage-gated sodium channels and TRPV1 receptors, lowering their activation threshold. Consequently, the sensory neuron becomes hyperexcitable, firing action potentials more readily in response to stimuli that were previously non-painful or only mildly painful.

Peripheral Sensitization

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

How Do Cellular Responses Contribute to Post-Injection Pain?

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