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Periosteal Apposition

Meaning

Periosteal apposition is the clinical and physiological process of new bone formation on the outer surface of the existing bone shaft, occurring directly beneath the periosteum, the dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bone. This mechanism is distinct from endosteal resorption and is crucial for increasing bone diameter, a process that significantly enhances the mechanical strength and resistance to fracture. In endocrinology, periosteal apposition is strongly influenced by anabolic hormones like testosterone, growth hormone, and estrogen, making it a key target for therapeutic interventions aimed at improving bone health and reducing fracture risk in aging populations.