What is the Origin of Perimenopausal Neuroinflammation?

This concept is a modern development in neuroendocrinology, linking the well-documented hormonal changes of perimenopause with the emerging understanding of the brain's immune system. The term integrates the specific life stage ('perimenopausal') with the pathological process ('neuroinflammation'). Research focuses on the direct effects of estrogen withdrawal on glial cell function.

What is the Mechanism of Perimenopausal Neuroinflammation?

Estrogen and progesterone are potent anti-inflammatory agents in the brain, modulating microglial activity and suppressing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. As estrogen levels decrease, this neuroprotective brake is released, leading to a pro-inflammatory shift in the brain's immune environment. This mechanism results in neuronal stress and dysfunction, which manifests clinically as the characteristic neurological and psychological symptoms of the transition.

Perimenopausal Neuroinflammation ∞ Area

Perimenopausal Neuroinflammation

Meaning

Perimenopausal Neuroinflammation refers to the activation of the central nervous system’s immune cells, primarily microglia, within the brain during the perimenopausal transition, often triggered by the fluctuating and declining levels of ovarian steroid hormones. This inflammatory state is hypothesized to contribute to common perimenopausal symptoms, including hot flashes, mood disturbances, and cognitive changes. Clinically, it represents a critical pathway linking endocrine aging to neurological symptoms.