What is the Origin of Peptide YY Regulation?

PYY was first discovered and characterized as a member of the neuropeptide Y family in the early 1980s, which firmly established its critical role as a key player in the complex gut-brain axis communication pathway. The term Peptide YY is a descriptive name referring to the presence of the amino acid tyrosine (Y) residues at both the N- and C-termini of the mature peptide molecule.

What is the Mechanism of Peptide YY Regulation?

The mechanism of PYY release is physiologically stimulated by the presence of specific macronutrients, particularly fat and protein, in the distal small intestine, where it functions as a potent postprandial brake on feeding behavior. Once secreted, PYY travels via the systemic circulation to the central nervous system, binding to the Y2 receptor in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. This binding event inhibits the release of the orexigenic neuropeptide Y, thereby promoting a powerful and sustained feeling of satiety and reducing subsequent food consumption.

Peptide YY Regulation ∞ Area

Peptide YY Regulation

Meaning

Peptide YY (PYY) Regulation is the crucial physiological process of controlling the secretion and subsequent biological action of this potent anorexigenic gut hormone, which is predominantly released by enteroendocrine L-cells located in the ileum and colon, primarily in response to nutrient ingestion. Effective regulation of PYY is fundamentally important for precise satiety signaling, modulating the rate of gastric emptying, and maintaining overall energy homeostasis, as PYY acts on specific hypothalamic receptors to suppress appetite and food intake. Dysregulation of this hormone is frequently implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity and various metabolic syndromes.