The PARP1 DBC1 interaction refers to the direct physical and functional association between the DNA repair enzyme Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1) and the negative regulatory protein Deleted in Breast Cancer 1 (DBC1). This specific protein-protein interaction is a key regulatory checkpoint for PARP1 activity, an enzyme crucial for DNA repair, genomic stability, and cellular response to stress. DBC1 acts as a potent inhibitor of PARP1, and disrupting this interaction is a major target for therapeutic intervention in longevity and cancer research.
Origin
This term is rooted in molecular biology and epigenetics, identified through studies elucidating the intricate regulatory mechanisms of the cellular DNA repair pathways. The discovery of DBC1 as a negative regulator of PARP1 revealed a critical molecular switch that controls the cell’s commitment to energy-intensive DNA repair. This interaction is central to understanding the balance between genome maintenance and metabolic energy expenditure, which declines with age.
Mechanism
DBC1 physically binds to PARP1, preventing its auto-modification and subsequent activation, effectively keeping the DNA repair machinery in a quiescent, energy-saving state when DNA damage is minimal. Upon significant DNA strand breaks, DBC1’s inhibitory grip is released, allowing PARP1 to become fully active and rapidly initiate the repair process by synthesizing poly(ADP-ribose) chains. This dynamic, regulated interplay controls the cell’s immediate and appropriate response to genotoxic stress.
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