What is the Origin of PARP?

This acronym originates from molecular biology and genetics, referring to the enzyme's function in catalyzing the addition of ADP-ribose units to target proteins, a process called poly-ADP-ribosylation. Its role in maintaining genomic integrity is a central focus in longevity and cancer research. The discovery of its function provided a new target for therapeutic intervention.

What is the Mechanism of PARP?

Upon detecting a single- or double-strand DNA break, PARP-1 rapidly binds to the damaged site and catalyzes the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) chains onto itself and other nuclear proteins. This poly-ADP-ribosylation recruits other DNA repair enzymes to the site, facilitating the restoration of the DNA structure. This repair mechanism is essential for cellular survival and preventing mutations.

PARP

Meaning

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, a family of enzymes critical for DNA repair, genome stability, and programmed cell death (apoptosis). PARP proteins detect DNA damage and initiate a cascade of molecular events to repair the break or signal for cellular self-destruction. This enzyme is a central player in the cellular response to genotoxic stress.