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Panic Disorder

Meaning

Panic disorder is a distinct anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks, which are abrupt episodes of intense fear or discomfort that reach a peak within minutes and are accompanied by profound physical and cognitive symptoms. The physical manifestations, such as palpitations, chest pain, and shortness of breath, often mimic a medical emergency, leading to significant distress and avoidance behaviors. In the context of hormonal health, the disorder can be exacerbated by or even rooted in underlying endocrine imbalances, particularly those affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and thyroid function. Clinical management requires a comprehensive approach addressing both the psychological and potential physiological contributors.