What is the Origin of P450c17?

The nomenclature P450c17 stems from its classification as a cytochrome P450 enzyme and its two main catalytic functions: the hydroxylation at the 17th carbon position and the subsequent cleavage (lyase activity) between the 17th and 20th carbons of the steroid backbone. Its discovery and functional characterization were key to mapping the entire steroidogenesis cascade in the mid-20th century. This enzyme's central role underscores the interconnectedness of all steroid hormone synthesis.

What is the Mechanism of P450c17?

The 17$alpha$-hydroxylase activity converts pregnenolone to 17-hydroxypregnenolone and progesterone to 17-hydroxyprogesterone, preparing the molecules for the next step. Subsequently, the 17,20-lyase activity cleaves the side chain of these 17-hydroxy precursors, yielding the dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione, which are the foundational androgen precursors. The differential expression and regulation of this enzyme in the adrenal zona reticularis versus the gonads are responsible for the tissue-specific patterns of sex hormone production.

P450c17 ∞ Area

P450c17

Meaning

P450c17, scientifically known as Cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1), is a critical enzyme in the steroidogenic pathway, catalyzing two sequential reactions: 17$alpha$-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities. This enzyme is essential for the production of androgens and estrogens from progestins, serving as a pivotal regulatory point for sex hormone synthesis in the adrenal glands and gonads. Its precise regulation is vital for normal sexual development and reproductive function throughout the lifespan. Genetic mutations or pharmacological inhibition of P450c17 can lead to severe disorders of sexual differentiation or be utilized therapeutically to suppress androgen-dependent cancers.

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