The physiological process of mitigating the damaging effects caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s capacity to detoxify these reactive intermediates or repair the resulting damage. Clinically, strategies for reduction are crucial for slowing cellular aging, protecting DNA integrity, and preserving hormonal receptor sensitivity, which is often compromised by chronic oxidative damage. It is a core pillar of longevity medicine.
Origin
The concept of oxidative stress arose from biochemistry and free radical biology, with reduction referring to the chemical process of gaining electrons and the therapeutic goal of decreasing the overall burden. It is a framework for understanding cellular damage and the role of antioxidants. This biological process is intrinsically linked to mitochondrial function and metabolism.
Mechanism
Reduction is achieved through the action of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and exogenous dietary antioxidants, like vitamins C and E. These agents neutralize free radicals, preventing them from reacting with and damaging critical cellular components like lipids, proteins, and DNA. Hormonal balance, particularly the optimization of thyroid and sex hormones, indirectly supports the endogenous antioxidant defense system.
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