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Osmotic Gradient

Meaning

The Osmotic Gradient is a fundamental biophysical principle that describes the difference in solute concentration between two distinct solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane, such as a cell membrane or the delicate wall of a capillary. This concentration differential is the driving force behind the passive movement of water across the membrane, which moves from the area of lower solute concentration to the area of higher solute concentration, a process known as osmosis. In human physiology, this gradient is absolutely crucial for maintaining proper fluid distribution between the intracellular and extracellular compartments, regulating systemic blood pressure, and facilitating efficient renal function. Hormones like vasopressin directly modulate the body’s control over these vital osmotic gradients.