What is the Origin of Nucleus Basalis of Meynert?

The structure was first described by the Swiss-German neuroanatomist Theodor Meynert in the late 19th century. Its functional significance as a cholinergic center, however, was not fully appreciated until the mid-20th century, with the mapping of neurotransmitter pathways. The clinical link between NBM degeneration and cognitive decline cemented its importance in neurological and geriatric medicine.

What is the Mechanism of Nucleus Basalis of Meynert?

NBM neurons project long, diffuse axons that release acetylcholine broadly across the cortical mantle. This tonic and phasic release acts on muscarinic and nicotinic receptors to regulate cortical excitability and synchronize network activity. The cholinergic output from the NBM is essential for transitioning the cortex from a resting state to an engaged, information-processing state, thereby directly supporting attention and learning acquisition.

Nucleus Basalis of Meynert ∞ Area

Nucleus Basalis of Meynert

Meaning

The Nucleus Basalis of Meynert (NBM) is a crucial, large cluster of cholinergic neurons located within the basal forebrain of the human brain, serving as the primary source of acetylcholine innervation to the entire cerebral cortex and parts of the limbic system. This nucleus is fundamentally important for global cortical arousal, attention, memory, and plasticity. Its selective degeneration is one of the most consistent and early neurodegenerative pathology markers observed in Alzheimer’s disease.