What is the Origin of Nrf2 Keap1 Pathway?

This pathway was discovered in molecular biology, with the names reflecting the key proteins involved in its regulation. Nrf2 is the effector molecule, and Keap1 is its cytoplasmic sensor and inhibitor. The understanding of this pathway has revolutionized the study of antioxidant and detoxification mechanisms.

What is the Mechanism of Nrf2 Keap1 Pathway?

Under conditions of mild oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species modify critical cysteine residues on the Keap1 protein. This modification releases Nrf2, which then moves into the nucleus and binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the promoter regions of target genes. The resulting gene transcription increases the cellular capacity to produce endogenous antioxidants and detoxifying enzymes.

Nrf2 Keap1 Pathway ∞ Area

Nrf2 Keap1 Pathway

Meaning

The Nrf2 Keap1 Pathway is a master regulatory system within the cell that governs the expression of hundreds of genes involved in cellular defense against oxidative stress, inflammation, and toxic challenge. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the transcription factor that, when released from its inhibitor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), translocates to the nucleus to activate these protective genes. This pathway is a primary target for enhancing cellular resilience and anti-aging.