A Nootropic is a substance, whether a pharmaceutical compound, supplement, or natural ingredient, that is purported to safely enhance cognitive functions such as memory, creativity, motivation, or executive control. These agents are often sought within the wellness space to optimize brain performance and support mental clarity, particularly as it relates to energy and focus. Their mechanism of action often involves modulating neurotransmitter systems or cerebral circulation. They are cognitive performance enhancers.
Origin
The term was coined in 1972 by Dr. Corneliu E. Giurgea, derived from the Greek words noos (‘mind’) and tropein (‘to turn’ or ‘bend’), intending to classify compounds that specifically and selectively improve higher cortical function without typical stimulant side effects. This definition set a high standard for cognitive enhancers.
Mechanism
Nootropics operate through diverse pathways, including increasing the availability of precursors for neurotransmitters like acetylcholine or dopamine, enhancing mitochondrial efficiency in brain cells, or improving blood flow to the brain. Some compounds also exhibit adaptogenic properties, helping to modulate the body’s response to stress and indirectly supporting neuroendocrine balance.
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