A diverse category of substances, including specific compounds, supplements, and pharmaceuticals, that are clinically utilized with the intention of safely enhancing cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and executive processing. These agents are designed to modulate neurochemistry without the significant stimulant or sedative effects associated with traditional psychotropic drugs. Their application is targeted toward optimizing the brain’s hormonal and metabolic environment.
Origin
The term “nootropic” was coined in 1972 from Greek words meaning “mind turning,” originally defining compounds that enhance cognition with minimal side effects. Its modern application spans pharmacology, nutritional science, and biohacking communities.
Mechanism
Nootropic agents operate through various neurobiological pathways, often by modulating the activity of neurotransmitters like dopamine and glutamate, or by increasing cerebral blood flow to enhance nutrient and oxygen delivery. Many also function by supporting mitochondrial bioenergetics in neurons or by providing precursors necessary for the synthesis of key brain signaling molecules and neurohormones.
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