What is the Origin of NF-kappa B Pathway?

The pathway was first identified in B-lymphocytes, hence its name, as a factor that binds to the kappa light chain enhancer region of immunoglobulin genes. Subsequent research established its central role as a universal transcription factor across virtually all cell types and physiological systems.

What is the Mechanism of NF-kappa B Pathway?

In its inactive state, NF-kappa B is sequestered in the cytoplasm, bound to its inhibitory protein, IkappaB. Upon activation by a stimulus, the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex phosphorylates IkappaB, targeting it for ubiquitination and degradation. The released NF-kappa B dimer then translocates to the nucleus, where it binds to specific DNA sequences to initiate the transcription of pro-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic genes. Hormones, such as glucocorticoids, can exert their anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting this pathway's activation.

NF-kappa B Pathway

Meaning

The NF-kappa B Pathway, short for Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, is a ubiquitous and evolutionarily conserved protein complex that functions as a master regulator of gene transcription, controlling the expression of genes involved in inflammation, immunity, cell survival, and proliferation. This pathway is a critical signaling node, activated by a diverse range of stimuli, including cytokines, oxidative stress, and bacterial products. Dysregulation of the NF-kappa B pathway is implicated in numerous chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer.