What is the Origin of Neurovascular Control?

The concept arose from the observation that localized increases in brain activity, as measured by electrophysiology, were immediately followed by a corresponding regional increase in cerebral blood flow. This tight relationship was termed neurovascular coupling. The term emphasizes the combined, integrated regulatory role of both the nervous system and the vascular system in this process.

What is the Mechanism of Neurovascular Control?

When a population of neurons becomes active, they release various signaling molecules, including nitric oxide, potassium ions, and arachidonic acid metabolites, into the local microenvironment. These released substances act as potent vasodilators, directly signaling to the smooth muscle cells surrounding the nearby arterioles. The resultant relaxation of these muscles widens the blood vessels, thereby rapidly and precisely increasing blood flow to the metabolically demanding neural region.

Neurovascular Control ∞ Area

Neurovascular Control

Meaning

Neurovascular Control is the integrated physiological system that precisely regulates the blood flow within neural tissue, ensuring that the supply of oxygen and metabolic substrates is dynamically matched to the energy demands of active neurons. This coupling mechanism is fundamental to brain function, as it prevents both insufficient perfusion during high activity and unnecessary resource expenditure during rest. Proper neurovascular control is a key indicator of brain health and vascular integrity. Any impairment can lead to cognitive deficits.