What is the Origin of Neurosteroid Properties?

The term 'neurosteroid' was coined in the 1980s by the French physiologist Étienne-Émile Baulieu to describe steroids found in the brain that affect nerve cell function. It is a compound of 'neuro,' referring to the nervous system, and 'steroid,' denoting their chemical structure derived from cholesterol.

What is the Mechanism of Neurosteroid Properties?

The primary mechanism involves non-genomic action, meaning they do not rely on altering gene expression via nuclear receptors, but rather directly and rapidly modulate ligand-gated ion channels. For example, the neurosteroid allopregnanolone acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA-A receptor, enhancing the inhibitory effects of the neurotransmitter GABA. This action is responsible for its potent anxiolytic and sedative effects, directly influencing mood, cognition, and the stress response system.

Neurosteroid Properties ∞ Area

Neurosteroid Properties

Meaning

Neurosteroid Properties refer to the unique characteristics and functions of steroid molecules that are synthesized de novo within the central and peripheral nervous systems, independent of classical endocrine glands. These molecules rapidly modulate neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission, often by interacting directly with neurotransmitter receptors on the cell membrane. Their properties include anxiolytic, sedative, antidepressant, and neuroprotective effects, distinguishing them from traditional steroid hormones.