Neuroprotective hormone status refers to the systemic concentration and bioavailability of hormones that exert direct beneficial effects on the structure, function, and survival of neurons and glial cells. Key hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone, act as powerful neurosteroids, guarding against oxidative stress and inflammation. Maintaining an optimal status is a critical strategy for mitigating age-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration.
Origin
This term emerges from the field of neuroendocrinology, recognizing the non-reproductive, essential roles of steroid hormones within the central nervous system. Clinical research has illuminated the correlation between declining hormone levels and increased vulnerability to neurological insults. The concept drives the rationale for targeted hormone optimization in cognitive health.
Mechanism
Neuroprotective hormones act via genomic and non-genomic pathways to regulate synaptic plasticity, promote neurite outgrowth, and modulate the inflammatory response in the brain. For instance, they often upregulate antioxidant enzymes and inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. An optimal status ensures continuous support for mitochondrial function in neurons and helps maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.
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