Neuroprotection is a clinical and biological strategy focused on preserving the structure and function of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, against injury, degeneration, or disease. It involves interventions that mitigate neuronal cell death and maintain synaptic integrity. This proactive approach is vital for sustaining cognitive function and mental well-being across the entire lifespan.
Origin
The term is a modern construct within neuroscience, arising from the urgent need to find treatments for acute neurological injuries and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. It reflects a shift in research focus from merely treating symptoms to actively preserving the underlying neural architecture. Neuroprotection is a core tenet of longevity medicine and brain health optimization.
Mechanism
Neuroprotection operates through several key cellular and molecular pathways, including reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting excitotoxicity, and suppressing chronic neuroinflammation. Many hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, exhibit direct neuroprotective effects by modulating gene expression and enhancing mitochondrial function in neurons. Strategies also involve supporting the blood-brain barrier integrity and ensuring a robust supply of neurotrophic factors, which promote neuronal survival and growth.
Long-term cognitive mitigation involves targeted hormonal support and lifestyle strategies to counteract the neuroinflammatory and metabolic effects of hormonal suppression.
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